Data Collection Methods:
Different methods of data collection
participant-non-participant observation
questionnaires
interviews
mining Internet sources
Sampling Techniques: probability and non-probability sampling
Date Processing: establishing categories and coding data
Data Interpretation: Descriptive statistics and inferential statistics
Preparation of Research Report
II. Select Reading List
A. Books
Althusser, Louis and Etienne Balibar, Reading Capital (London: New Left Books, 1970)
Anderson, Benedict Imagined Communities: Reflections on the Origin and Spread of Nationalism (London: Verso, 1983)
Aron, Raymond Peace and War (R. Krieger Publishing company Malabar, 1962)
Ayer, A. J. The Foundations of Empirical Knowledge (London: The Macmillan Press, 1940)
Baldwin, David A. ed., Neorealism and Neoliberalism: The Contemporary Debate (New York: Columbia University Press, 1993)
Biersteker, Thomas and Cynthia Weber, eds., State Sovereignty as Social Construct (New York: Cambridge University Press, 1996)
Brown, Harold Observation and Objectivity (New York, 1987)
Brown, Michael E. et al., eds., Debating the Democratic Peace (Cambridge: MIT Press, 1996)
Buzan, Barry et al., The Logic of Anarchy: Neorealism to Structural Realism (New York: Columbia University Press, 1993)
Cohen, Paul Discovering History in China (New York: Columbia University Press, 1984)
Dasgupta, Manas Research Methodology in Economics: Problems and Issues (New Delhi: Deep & Deep Publications, 2007)
Gramsci, Antonio Selections from the Prison Notebook, edited and translated by Quintin Hoare & Goffrey Nowell Smith (London: Lawrence and Wishart, 1971)
Gupta, Santosh Research Methodology and Statistical Techniques (New Delhi: New Delhi: Deep & Deep Publications, 1993)
Habermas, Jurgen Knowledge of Human Interests (Boston: Beacon Press 1971)
Hobsbawn, Eric J. Nations and Nationalism since 1780: Programme, Myth, Reality (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK. 1990)
Horkheimer, Max Critical Theory (New York: Herder & Herder, 1972)
Jervis, Robert Perception and Misperception in International Politics (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1976)
Katzenstein, Peter ed. The Culture of National Security: Norms and Identity in World Politics (New York: Columbia University Press, 1996)
Katzenstein, Peter Cultural Norms and National Security: Police and Military in Postwar Japan (Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University Press, 1996)
Kennedy, Paul The Rise and Fall of the Great Powers (New York: Random House, 1987)
Keohane, Robert O. ed., Neorealism and Its Critics (New York: Columbia University Press, 1986)
Keohane Robert O. and Joseph S. Nye, Power and Interdependence: World Politics in Transition (Boston: Little Brown, 1997)
Kratochwil, Friedrich and Yosef Lapid, eds., The Return of Culture and Identity in IR Theory (London: Lynne Rienner, 1996)
Kubalkova V. and A.A. Cruickshank, Marxism – Leninism and theory of international relations (London: Routledge & Kegal Paul, 1980)
Kuhn, Thomas S. The Structure of Scientific Revolutions (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1996) [1st edn 1962]
Kuhn,Thomas S. The Essential Tension, Selected Studies in Scientific Tradition and Change (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1977)
Lindblom, C.E. and D. Cohen, Usable Knowledge: Social Science and Social Problem Solving (New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1979)
Linklater, Andrew Beyond Realism and Marxism: Critical Theory and International Relations (London: MacMillan Press, 1990)
Linklater, Andrew International Relations: Critical Concepts in Political Science, London: Routledge, 2000)
Linklater, Andrew Theories of International Relations (3rd edition, edited with S. Burchill), (London: Palgrave, 2005)
Lukacs, Georg History and Class Consciousness (Boston: M.I.T. Press, 1971)
Marcuse,Herbert Studies in Critical Philosophy (Boston: Beacon Press, 1973)
Miller, Christopher A Glossary of Terms and Concepts of Peace and Conflict Studies (San Jose, Costa Rica: University for Peace, 2002) 2nd Edition (Editor May E. King) accessed at http://www.upeace.org
Masao, Miyoshi and Harry Harootunian ed. Learning Places: Area Studies, Colonial, Cultural, Ethnic Studies, and Received Disciplines(Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 2002)
Morganthau, Hans J. Politics among Nations (New York: Alfred Knopf, 1979) (5th rev. ed.)
Pfaff, Tony “Peacekeeping and the Just War Tradition” (Carlisle: Strategic Studies Institute, U.S. Army War College, 2000) accessed at <http://carlisle-www.army.mil/usassi/welcome.htm >
Popper, Karl R. The Open Society and its Enemies (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1950)
Popper, Karl R. Objective Knowledge (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1972)
Popper, Karl R. Unended Quest: An Intellectual Autobiography (La Salle, Il: Open Court, 1982)
Putt, A.D. and J.F. Springer, Policy Research: Concepts, methods and applications (New York: Prentice Hall, 1989)
Reiss, Hans Ed. Kant's Political Writings (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1970)
Rescher, Nicholas ed. The Heritage of Logical Positivism (Lanham, MD: University Press of America, 1985)
Sharma, Jai Narain Research Methodology: The Discipline and its Dimensions (New Delhi: Deep & Deep Publications, 2007)
Snyder, Jack Myths of Empire: Domestic Politics and International Ambition (Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University Press, 1991)
Thakur, Devendra Research Methodology in Social Sciences (New Delhi: Deep & Deep Publications, 2005)
Tullock, Gordon and Richard E. Wagner ed. Policy Analysis and Deductive Reasoning (Lexington, Mass: DC Heath, 1978)
Vasquez, John A and Colin Elman eds. Realism and the Balancing of Power: A New Debate (New Jersey: Prentice Hall, 2003)
Stephen M. Walt, The Origins of Alliances (Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University Press, 1987)
Waltz, Kenneth N. Theory of International Politics (New York: Random House, 1979)
Wendt, Alexander Social Theory of International Politics (New York: Cambridge University Press, 1999)
Yamaguchi, Hiroichi and Hiroshi Sato, Understanding the Developing World: Thirty-five Years of Area Studies at the IDE (Tokyo: Institute of Developing Economies, 1996)
B. Articles
Alcoff, Linda Martín “Objectivity and Its Politics” New Literary History vol. 32 (2001) pp.835–848
Area Studies (Gloucester: Quality Assurance Agency for Higher Education, 2002) accessed from <http://www.qaa.ac.uk>
Ayoob, Mohammed “Security in the Third World: The Worm about to Turn?” International Affairs (London) vol. 60 no. 1 (Winter 1983-1984) pp. 41-51
Bamyeh, Mohammed A. “The New Imperialism: Six Thesis” Social Text 62, vol. 18, no.1 (Spring 2000) pp. 1-29
Barbieri, Katherine “Economic Interdependence: A Path to Peace or a Source of Interstate Conflict?” Journal of Peace Research vol. 33, no.1 (1996)
Barlow, Tani E “Colonialism’s Career in Postwar China Studies” positions vol. 1(1993) pp.224–67
Bary, Theodore de “East Asian Studies: A Comprehensive Program” Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science vol. 356 (November 1964) pp. 63-69
Bary, Theodore de “The Funding on Asian Studies” The Journal of Asian Studies vol. 30 no. 2 (February 1971) pp. 389-412
Bates, Robert H. “Area Studies and the Discipline: A Useful Controversy?” PS: Political Science and Politics vol. 30, no. 2 (June 1997) pp. 166-169
Beyerchen, Alan “Clausewitz, Nonlinearity, and the Unpredictability of War” International Security vol. 17 no. 3 (Winter 1992-1993) pp. 59-90
Bilgin, Pinar “Individual and Societal Dimensions of Security” International Studies Review (2003) vol. 5 pp. 203–222
Bill, James A. “Area Studies and Theory-Building in Comparative Politics: A Stocktaking” PS: Political Science & Politics vol. 18 (Fall, 1985) pp.810-12
Bowen, Don R. “Objectivity as a Normative Standard” The Journal of Politics vol. 39 no.1 (February 1977) pp. 201-210
Cahnman, Werner J. “Outline of a Theory of Area Studies” Annals of the Association of American Geographers vol. 38 no. 4 (December 1948) pp. 233-243
Canfield, John and Keith Lehrer, “A Note on Prediction and Deduction” Philosophy of Science vol. 28 no. 2 (April 1961) pp. 204-208
Casullo, Albert “The Coherence of Empiricism” Pacific Philosophical Quarterly vol. 81 (2000) pp.31-48
Chen, Weigang, “Peripheral Justice: The Marxist Tradition of Public Hegemony and Its Implications in the Age of Globalization” Positionsvol. 13 n. 2 (Fall 2005) (Duke University Press) pp. 329-378
Christensen, Thomas J. and Jack Snyder, “Chain Gangs and Passed Bucks: Predicting Alliance Patterns in Multipolarity” International Organization vol. 44 no. 2 (Spring 1990) pp. 137-168
Clausewitz, Carl von On War (1874 1st edn) (February 25, 2006 edition) [accessed from The Project Gutenberg Ebook#1946 at http://www.gutenberg.org]
Desch, Michael C. “Culture Clash: Assessing the Importance of Ideas in Security Studies” International Security vol. 23 no. 1 (Summer 1998) pp. 141-170
Dimeglio, Richard P. “The Evolution of the Just War Tradition: Defining Jus Post Bellum” Military Law Review vol. 186 (2005) pp. 116-163
Duara, Prasenjit “Response to Philip Huang’s “Biculturality in Modern China and in Chinese Studies”” Modern China vol. 26 no. 1 (January 2000) pp. 32-37
Dutton, Michael “New Trends: Globalization, Translation, and the Limits of Area Studies- Lead Us Not into Translation- Notes toward a Theoretical Foundation for Asian Studies” Nepantla: Views from South vol. 3 no. 3 (2002) pp. 495-537
Evera, Stephen Van “Offense, Defense, and the Causes of War” International Security vol. 22 (Spring 1998) pp. 5-43
Farmer, B.H. “Geography, Area Studies and the Study of Area” Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers no. 60 (November 1973) pp. 1-15
Fischer, Frank “Beyond Empiricism: Policy Inquiry in Post positivist Perspective” Policy Studies Journal, vol. 26 no. 1 (1998) pp.129-146
Friedmann, John “The Epistemology of Social Practice: A Critique of Objective Knowledge” Theory and Society vol. 6 no. 1 (July 1978) pp. 75-92
Gaddis, John Lewis “The Long Peace: Elements of Stability in the Postwar International System” International Security vol. 10 no. 4 (Spring 1986) pp. 99-142
Glaser, Charles L. and Chaim Kaufmann, “What Is the Offense-Defense Balance and Can We Measure It?” International Security 22 (Spring 1998)
Goldstein, Avery “The Domain of Inquiry in Political Science: General Lessons from the Study of China” Polity vol. 21 no. 3 (Spring 1989) pp. 517-537
Grieb, Kenneth J. “Area Studies and the Traditional Disciplines” The History Teacher vol.7 no. 2 (February 1974) pp. 228-238
Haas, Ernst B. “The Balance of Power: Prescription, Concept, or Propaganda” World Politics vol. 5 no. 4 (July 1953) pp. 442-477
Hopf, Ted “The Promise of Constructivism in International Relations Theory” International Security vol. 23 no. 1 (Summer 1998) pp. 171-200
Hymers, Michael “Going around the Vienna Circle: Wittgenstein and Verification” Philosophical Investigations vol. 28 no.3 (July 2005) pp.205-234
Johnson, Chalmers “Political Science and East Asian Area Studies” World Politics vol. 26 no. 4 (July 1974) pp. 560-575
Johnson, Chalmers “What’s Wrong with Chinese Political Studies.” Asian Survey (October1982) pp. 919–33
Johnson, Chalmers “Perception vs. Observation, or the Contributions of Rational Choice Theory and Area Studies to Contemporary Political Science” PS: Political Science and Politics vol. 30 no. 2 (June 1997) pp. 170-174
Johnston, Alastair Iain “Thinking about Strategic Culture” International Security vol. 19 no. 4 (Spring 1995) pp. 32-64
Katzentstein, Peter J. and Nobuo Okawara, “Japan’s National Security: Structures, Norms and Policies” International Security vol. 17 no. 4 (Spring 1993) pp. 84-118
Kang, David C. “Getting: The Need for New Analytical Frameworks” International Security vol. 27, no. 4 (Spring 2003), pp. 57–85
Kang, David C. “International Relations Theory and the Second Korean War” International Studies Quarterly (2003) vol. 47, 301–324
Klitgaard, Robert E “On Reviewing International Studies” The Journal of Higher Education vol. 52 no. 2 (March-April 1981) pp. 124-142
Krasner, Stephen D. “Compromising Westphalia” International Security vol. 20 no. 3 (Winter 1995-96) pp. 115-151
Kolodziej, Edward A “Renaissance in Security Studies? Caveat Lector!” International Studies Quarterly vol. 36 no. 4 (December 1992) pp. 421-438
Kupchan, Charles A. and Clifford A Kupchan, “The Promise of Collective Security” International Security vol. 20 no. 1 (Summer 1995) pp. 52-61
Lambert, Richard D. “The Presidential Address: An Action Agenda for Area Studies” The Journal of Asian Studies vol. 35 no. 1 (November 1975) pp. 7-19
Lambert, Richard D. “DoD, Social Science, and International Studies” Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Sciencevol. 502 (March 1989) pp. 94-107
Langdon, Frank “The Security Debate in Japan” Pacific Affairs vol. 58 no. 3 (Autumn 1985) pp. 397-410
Leach, James “Explanation and Value Neutrality” The British Journal for the Philosophy of Science vol. 19 no. 2 (August 1968) pp. 93-108
Levi, Isaac “Must the Scientist Make Value Judgments?” The Journal of Philosophy vol. 57 no. 11 (May 1960) pp. 345-357
Levy, Jack S. “The Offensive/Defensive Balance of Military Technology: A Theoretical and Historical Analysis” International Studies Quarterly vol. 28 (1984)
Lewis, Martin W. and Karen Wigen, “A Maritime Response to the Crisis in Area Studies” Geographical Review vol. 89 no. 2 (April 1999) pp. 161-168
Ludden, David “Area Studies in the Age of Globalization” University of Pennsylvania
January 25, 1998 accessed at < http://www.sas.upenn.edu/~dludden/areast2.htm>
Lynn-Jones, Sean M. “Offense-Defense Theory and Its Critics” Security Studies 4 (Summer 1995)
McGrath, Earl James “Area Studies” The Journal of Higher Education vol. 22 no. 5 (May 1951) pp. 236-42; 283-84
Mearsheimer, John “The False Promise of International Institutions” International Security 19 (Winter 1994-95), 37-47
Milner, Helen “International Theories of Cooperation: Strengths and Weaknesses” World Politics 44 (April 1992)
Menon, Rajan and John R Oneal, “Explaining Imperialism: The State of the Art as Reflected in Three Theories” Polity vol. 19 no. 2 (Winter 1986) pp. 169-193
Miscevic, Nenad “Nationalism” [revised version of September 24, 2005] accessed at <http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/nationalism/>
Mohanty, Satya P. “Can Our Values Be Objective? On Ethics, Aesthetics, and
Progressive Politics” New Literary History vol. 32 (2001) pp.803–833
Morton, Louis “National Security and Area Studies: The Intellectual Response to the Cold War” The Journal of Higher Education vol. 34, no. 3 (March 1963) pp. 142-147
Myers, Ramon H and Thomas A. Metzer, “Sinological Shadows: The State of Modern China Studies in the U.S.” Australian Journal of Chinese Affairs no. 4 (1980) pp. 1–34.
Nye, Joseph S. Jr. “The Changing Nature of World Power” Political Science Quarterly vol. 105 no. 2 (Summer 1990) pp. 177-192
Orend, Brian “War” (July 25, 2005 revised edition) accessed at <http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/war/>
Pastusiak, Longin “Objective and Subjective Premises of Detente” Journal of Peace Research vol. 14 no. 2 (1977) pp. 185-193
Patomaki, Heikki “The Challenge of Critical Theories: Peace Research at the Start of the New Century” Journal of Peace Research vol. 38 no. 6 (November 2001) pp. 723-737
Prins, Gwyn “The four-stroke cycle in security studies” International Affairs vol. 74, no. 4 (1998) pp. 781-808
Pool, Ithiel de Sola “Some Facts about Values” PS: Political Science and Politics vol. 3 no. 2 (Spring 1970) pp. 102-106
Powers, Marshall K. “Area Studies” The Journal of Higher Education vol. 26 no. 2 (February 1955) pp. 82-89; 113
Pye, Lucian W. “Area Studies and the Discipline” PS: Political Science and Politics vol. 34 no. 4 (December 2001) pp. 805-807
Rafael, Vicente L. “Regionalism, Area Studies, and the Accidents of Agency” The American Historical Review vol. 104 no. 4 (October 1999) pp. 1208-1220
Rafael, Vicente L. “The Cultures of Area Studies in the United States” Social Text no. 41 (Winter 1994) pp. 91-111
Edwin O. Reischauer and John K. Fairbank, “Understanding the Far East through Area Study” Far Eastern Survey vol. 17 no. 10 (May 19, 1948) pp. 121-123
Resnik, David B. “Financial Interests and Research Bias” Perspectives on Science (2000) vol. 8, no. 3 pp. 255-285
Reynolds, Douglas R. “Chinese Area Studies in Prewar China: Japan’s Toa Dobun Shoin in Shanghai, 1900-1945” The Journal of Asian Studies vol. 45 no. 5 (November 1986) pp. 945-970
Riggs, Fred W. “Beyond Area Studies” Paper presented at the International Sociological Association, Research Committee #20 on Comparative Sociology, Montreal, July 1998 accessed at <http://www2.hawaii.edu/~fredr/beyond.htm>
Ripsman, Norrin M. “Globalization and the National Security State: A Framework for Analysis” International Studies Review (2005) vol. 7 pp. 199–227
Roemer, John E. “Methodological Individualism and Deductive Marxism” Theory and Society vol. 11 no. 4 (July 1982) pp. 513-520
Ruggie, John “International Organization: A State of the Art on an Art of the State” International Organization vol. 40 (Autumn 1986)
Ryckmans, Pierre “Orientalism and Sinology.” ASAA Review (Australian Asian Studies Association), (April 1983–April 1984) pp. 18–20.
Schwartz, Benjamin I. “Presidential Address: Area Studies as a Critical Discipline” The Journal of Area Studies vol. 40 no. 1 (November 1980) pp. 15-25
Sheetz, Mark S. and Michael Mastanduno, “Debating the Unipolar Moment” International Security vol. 22 no. 3 (Winter 1997-1998) pp. 168-174
Shumsky, Abraham “The Subjective Experience of the Researcher” Journal of Educational Sociology vol. 36 no. 3 (November 1962) pp. 134-138
Singer, Milton “The Social Science in Non-Western Studies” Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science vol. 356 (November 1964) pp. 30-44
Swartz, Marc J. “Area Studies, Theory, and Cross-Cultural Comparison” African Studies Review vol. 13 no. 1 (April 1970) pp. 63-67
Teichert, Pedro C.M. “The Importance of Foreign-Area Studies” The Journal of Higher Education vol. 29 no. 1 (January 1958) pp. 23-30
Tellis, Ashley J. “Political Realism: The Long March to Scientific Theory” Security Studies 5 (Winter 1995), 12-25
Turner, Jonathan H. “Explaining the Social World: Historicism versus Positivism” The Sociological Quarterly vol. 47 (2006) pp. 451–463
Uebel, Thomas “Vienna Circle” September 18, 2006 accessed at <http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/vienna-circle/>
Walt, Stephen M. “International Relations: One World, Many Theories” Foreign Policy no. 110 (Spring 1998) 29-32 and 34-46
Walt, Stephen M. “Alliance Formation and the Balance of World Power” International Security vol. 9 no. 4 (Spring 1985) pp. 3-43
Walt, Stephen M. “The Progressive Power of Realism” The American Political Science Review vol. 91 no. 4 (December 1997) pp. 931-935
Waltz, Kenneth N. “Force, Order and Justice” International Studies Quarterly vol. 11 no. 3 (September 1967) pp. 278-283
Waltz, Kenneth N. “The Emerging Structure of International Politics” International Security vol. 18, no. 2 (Autumn 1993) pp. 44-79
Waltz, Kenneth N. “International Politics Is Not Foreign Policy” Security Studies vol. 6 (Autumn 1996) pp. 54-55
Wang, Hongying, “National Image Building and Chinese Foreign Policy” China: An International Journal vol. 1 no.1 (March 2003) pp. 46 – 72
Weingast, Barry “A Rational Choice Perspective on the Role of Ideas: Shared Belief Systems and State Sovereignty in International Cooperation” Politics and Society 23 (December 1995)
Weldes, Jutta “Constructing National Interests” European Journal of International Relations vol. 2 (September 1996)
Wendt, Alexander “The Agent-Structure Problem in International Relations Theory” International Organization vol. 41 (Summer 1987), 340-44
Wendt, Alexander “Anarchy Is What States Make of It: The Social Construction of Power Politics” International Organization vol. 46 no. 2 (Spring 1992) pp.391-425
Wendt, Alexander “Collective Identity Formation and the International State” American Political Science Review vol. 88 (June 1994)
Wendt, Alexander “Constructing International Politics” International Security vol. 20 no. 1 (Summer 1995) pp. 71-81
Whitaker, Urban “An Application of Area Studies to the Teaching of General Education Courses in International Relations” International Review of Education vol. 5 no. 4 (!959) pp. 425-440
Williams, Michael C. “Hobbes and International Relations: A Reconsideration” International Organization vol. 50 no. 2 (Spring 1996) pp. 213-226
Wohlforth, William “Realism and the End of the Cold War” International Security vol. 19 (Winter 1994-95)
Wolfers, Arnold “”National Security” as an Ambiguous Symbol” Political Science Quarterly vol. 67 no. 4 (December 1952) pp. 481-502
York, Richard and Brett Clark, “Marxism, Positivism, and Scientific Sociology: Social Gravity and Historicity” The Sociological Quarterlyvol. 47 (2006) pp. 425–450
Zhang, Yongjin, “International Relations Theory in China Today: The State of the Field” The China Journal No. 47 (January 2002) pp. 101-108
C. List of Journals*
Asian SurveyAmerican Political Science ReviewEuropean Journal of International RelationsForeign AffairsInternational AffairsInternational OrganizationInternational SecurityInternational StudiesJournal of Asian StudiesJournal of Conflict ResolutionJournal of Peace ResearchPolitics and SocietyPolitical Science QuarterlyScience & Societyhttp://www.jnu.ac.in/library/Online_Journals/index.html
III. COURSE REQUIREMENTS
The internal evaluation pattern of this course is intended to assess the participant in several inter-related fields such as a written exam, term paper and other assignments. The comprehension and analytical skills of the course participant is evaluated.
A. Mandatory:
One term paper of nearly 4,000-5,000 words to be submitted in hard and electronic copies based on the style of JNU SIS Research Manual. Date of submission: November 15, 2008Review of three books. Dates of submission: September 7, October 3, and October 28, 2008.Three assignments – on the concepts related to the course. Dates of submission to be announced in class.For all the above assignments prompt submission of manuscripts is mandatoryAn end-semester written examination to be held on November 24, 2008Grading & marks: Broadly, the written exam will be 50 percent of the grade; term paper will be 15 percent, the three book reviews 15 percent, textual analysis cumulatively another 10 percent, while 10 percent of the overall grade would be for class participation. Attendance is therefore highly recommended.The course participants are encouraged to choose topics of their interest for the purposes of the above assignments, in addition to a preliminary discussion with the course instructor.
Evaluation is based largely on clarity of views, ability to analyse concepts and dynamics and adherence to ethical academic practices is a must. Serious action will be taken against plagiarism.
